Mounting evidence indicates that neural “tuning” can be highly variable within an individual across time and across individuals. Furthermore, modulatory effects can change the relationship between ...

While black-box models such as neural networks have been powerful in many applications, direct physical modeling (white box) remains crucial in many fields where experimental data are difficult or ...

A variety of linear models are available to represent common active electronic devices such as transistors and vacuum tubes. Devices operating under large-signal conditions often require nonlinear ...