Liquid-crystal (LC) phase modulators are widely used in optical systems because of their advantages of low power consumption, lightweight, flexible bandwidth adjustment, and non-mechanical movements.

Optical phase modulators are key components in optical communication, sensing, and signal processing systems. All-optical modulators, which modulate the phase or intensity of a light signal by a ...

Light Publishing Center, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics And Physics, CAS Complex modulation of optical fields (i.e., the control of light’s amplitude and phase) is vital to the ...