Machine learning is the ability of a machine to improve its performance based on previous results. Machine learning methods enable computers to learn without being explicitly programmed and have ...

Abstract: In this letter, an efficient and accurate physics-embedded Fletcher–Reeves conjugate gradient (FRCG) projection method, termed conjugate gradient-based Fourier neural operator (CGFNO), is ...

Abstract: As railway transportation grows, the need for rapid and accurate rail profile inspection becomes increasingly critical. Traditional contact-based inspection methods are slow and costly, ...